Abnormalities of the cervix
A malformed uterus or womb interfere with female fertility, remains the leading cause of spontaneous abortions. The incompetence of the cervix, is the fragility of the cervix, unable to stay closed until the end of pregnancy and retain the fetus, which may also lead to repeat late abortions. It is estimated that 20% of infertile couples, the causes are due to neck problems (cervical).
In addition, congenital anomalies interfere with sexual functioning of the array and normal menstrual cycle.
A normal uterus is shaped like an inverted triangle and a size of about 6 inches before the first pregnancy. As they have more pregnancies, it grows a few millimeters.
Sometimes, from the gestation of the fetus in the womb, the internal female genitalia are not developed properly, can cause not form the uterine cavity, which is known as rudimentary uterus.
If uterine development stops immediately after birth is spoken of fetal uterus, which measured no more than 4 inches when it reaches its maximum size and its muscular walls are too thin.
However, when the growing uterus stops in childhood is called child, and only grows to 5 cm, of which 3 belong to the body and neck 2.
There are several congenital abnormalities in the uterus recognized by the gynecology:
Septate or septate. It is the most common abnormality and refers to the incorrect merging of the uterine wall during embryonic development, which brings up a wall (septum) in the uterine cavity length.
Bicornuate or double. Occurs when the septum dividing the uterine cavity into two parts, which is called complete when it reaches the neck or cervix (uterus bicornis bicollis) or is interrupted before it (unicollis bicornuate uterus with septum). The size of the partition determine any problems in pregnancy and the possibility of abortion or premature labor.
Curved. The matrix has slight depression on top because of an incomplete fusion which gives way to heart.
Arcuate. The uterus has a concave depression in its bottom, which fails to divide the neck into two.
T-shaped The uterus is pear-usual appearance, but “T”. It is more common in daughters of women who have taken medication to prevent abortions, usually synthetic estrogens.
Asherman syndrome. In the uterine walls scarred, usually as a result of excessive scraping during curettage or induced abortion, which prevents the embryo from implanting as it would naturally seeks to do in the cervix or the fallopian tubes (pregnancy ectopic), being able to expel the product.
Congenital uterine anomalies are usually those with a history of abortion and premature births, those who show the absence of menstruation (amenorrhea) considerable pain during menstruation (dysmenorrhea), heavy periods (menorrhagia), abdominal swelling during menstruation, pain during sex (dyspareunia).
Suspicion of abnormalities in the uterus, the specialist can perform vaginal examination combined with abdominal palpation, and to confirm the diagnosis can perform one or more of the following tests: speculoscopy, Ultrasound, MRI, CT scan, laparoscopy, Hysterosalpingography, Hysteroscopy.