The colon and rectum are part of the digestive system. The colon is the first section of intestine. It will continue to absorb nutrients and water from the food that has been ingested, as in the small intestine, and serves as a container for waste material. This material is advancing to the rectum, the last part of the large intestine until it is expelled outside through the anus. The colon is divided into four segments: ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid. The rectum joins the sigmoid colon. Both colon and rectum are made up of several layers of tissue. As are affected one way or another layer, and the prognosis of cancer.

Cancer that begins in the colon is called colon cancer that begins in the rectum, cancer of the rectum. As is affected one party or another, the symptoms will differ and the diagnostic tests will be different and more effective in detecting cancer according to the area where they appear. It is believed that colon cancer develops slowly before being diagnosed as such. Before cancer develops lesions usually occur in the intestine that are called dysplasia or adenomatous polyps.

Some types of polyps are not cancerous, but the fact of having more likely to have, in future cancer in that area of the intestine. Colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death after lung cancer in men and breast cancer in women. Between 22% and 36% of cases presented advanced disease and in these cases, the survival rate round to zero. In our country there are 11,000 new cases per year. The mortality induced by this cancer is 10 deaths per 100,000 population per year, with rising trend. Colon cancer has become more common in developed countries. Represents 15% of all tumors diagnosed in men.

The survival rate at five years is 90% in those who have had a cancer screening. But only detected 37% of these cancers at an early stage. If the cancer has spread to nearby organs or lymph nodes, the survival rate drops to 65%. And if it has spread to distant organs, the five-year rate is 8%.

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