* Plan appropriate diet and weight control.
* Physical activity.
* Medication (if needed).

Several specialists will be involved in diabetic care. The family, pediatric general practitioners, internists, endocrinologists and diabetologists, also supervise medical care. Consultations with specialists like the ophthalmologist will also be necessary if complications occur.

If you have diabetes, should take responsibility for the management of the disease every day. This includes not only the administration of insulin or oral hypoglycemic intake, but also collaboration in monitoring and analysis of blood glucose concentration in the diet and exercise regimen suggested by your doctor.

NUTRITION

A proper diet is essential. In fact for many patients with NIDDM have a program of weight control is sufficient by itself to treat the disease. It is necessary to develop a specific diet for each individual, aimed basically to reduce weight by a single control and establishing food patterns. To know which are your ideal weight and height tables can use already established. If your weight exceeds by 20% or more the value that indicates the table and you are not overly muscular, then suffers from overweight.

Alcoholic beverages tend to aggravate diabetes. So we should limit consumption of alcohol. Also alcohol is a concentrated source of calories, and its use can complicate weight management.

The goal of all diets is twofold. On the one hand helps control glucose levels. Furthermore, and importantly, will help control and reduce weight. Obesity increases the need for the body’s extra insulin because the food helps to increase the amount of glucose in the system. The result is that control of blood glucose concentration becomes more difficult and the risk of more serious complications also increases.

Diabetics must carefully regulate the consumption of carbohydrates (sugars and starches), fats and proteins. Your dietitian will arrange a suitable program. You should avoid consumption of sugars, such as pastries, cakes, sweets or sweet drinks. It should include dietary fiber-rich foods such as wheat and rye bread, fruit and vegetables (see the Diabetic Diet).

EXERCISE

Exercise is also important in the treatment of diabetics. Regular exercise helps keep weight down, but more important is the benefit on the circulatory system.

Muscles use more glucose during strenuous exercise, which helps the glucose level decreases.

Your doctor will help you establish an exercise program. There is debate about the right exercise regime for diabetics. If this is severe decrease in blood glucose level, and be alert to the possibility of an excessively low level (see Hypoglycemia and insulin reaction). A good practice is to drink milk and carbohydrates 30 minutes before practice. It should always have at hand a fast-acting carbohydrate (eg glucose tablet) in the event the onset of symptoms of hypoglycemia (nervousness, weakness, hunger, etc.).. If you have IDDM, try not to perform the exercise at times of maximum effect after injection.

MEDICATION

In principle, insulin is a drug used by diabetics under 40 years, while the used oral hypoglycemic persons who developed diabetes after age, although exceptions to this rule.

As the name implies, patients with IDDM require insulin, and those with NIDDM may or may not require medication. Anyway, in all diabetics, the most important factor in the use and dosage of medications is the individual willingness to follow the diet and exercise.

The decision to use insulin or hypoglycemic agents is based on the severity of diabetes. For an obese person with NIDDM, diet, accompanied by an exercise regime will be. If these measures do not control the disease, your doctor may prescribe insulin injections or oral medications. For a person with IDDM, insulin doses are needed, but these depend, in part, to take care of your diet and exercise.

INSULIN

Insulin can be of various types and various features. Some are taken from the pancreas of cats and dogs but the technology in recent years made it possible for the production of synthetic insulin.

Some varieties of fast-acting insulin and others act in a longer period. The type of insulin, amount, time periods and so on. are measures that are taken as needed in the diabetic. A single injection of insulin delayed in the morning is usually the most common, though they may require a mixture of regular insulin with delayed and additional injections throughout the day. Your doctor will determine what is best for you.

For patients with unstable diabetes, who are prepared to carry out a program developed, the best option is the injection of rapid-acting insulin before each meal. The doses depend on the measurement of blood glucose concentration at that time. This scheme is called “intensive insulin therapy.

The use of an insulin pump help people with unstable diabetes. The insulin pump is a device battery ready to continuously and automatically release a dose of insulin through the needle pricked the skin of the abdomen or arm.

Oral hypoglycemic agents

These are drugs that stimulate the pancreas to increase insulin production and are used in one third of patients with NIDDM. They are indicated for diabetics unable to control glucose levels with diet alone.

PREVENTION

There is no known prevention for IDDM, but obesity is strongly associated with the development of NIDDM in people over 40 years. Weight loss can help lower their development in some cases. If your weight is 10% or more above the recommended for your height and size, there is a diabetic in his family and is over 40 years should reduce their weight (see Obesity). Once diagnosed with diabetes, a number of steps you can take to limit the development and occurrence of complications. A good exercise program is crucial. If you are a smoker diabetes should provide the motivation you need to quit. Smoking is an additional risk for diabetics. Added to this is also the risk of heart disease and other effects (see controllable risk factors).

The foot care is very important for diabetics by frequent problems caused by the alteration of nerve function and narrowing of the arteries of the lower body (see Arteriosclerosis), which limits the blood supply to the feet. Wear proper shoes. This minimizes the risk of corns, beans and blisters. If circulation is impaired, any small wound with a blister, etc. ingrown toenail can lead to very serious infection or gangrene. If the nerves are damaged, the callus could end up in difficult to heal ulcers. Your doctor should recommend a visit to a podiatrist for her instruction and to provide appropriate care of nails, corns, etc..

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